There is a huge gap between research and practice, and the efficacy of programmes must be tested to show their benefit in practice settings. Effective dissemination aims to assess the value of a programme in a real-life setting, under natural, representative conditions. Usually the program is tested in a community setting, and regular teachers, school counsellors or  private practitioners conduct the intervention under the supervision of  the  research team. In testing  the performance of the programme, it is of interest to the researchers to assess how trained practitioners use it, how far they adhere to the manual, and whether there is a gain for participants compared to the usual approaches. From a population perspective, the implementation of an intervention is the last and most important step in moving a programme into use. The programme is integrated into the system as part of the regular offerings to the community.  Its staying power is then assessed over time to see if it is able to “stand on its own”.